History of H.M. Gaol Alice Springs

Explore the his­to­ry of HM Gaol and Labour Prison Alice Springs and dis­cov­er its rel­e­vance to con­tem­po­rary issues about men­tal health, crime, pun­ish­ment and rehabilitation.

HIS­TO­RY AT A GLANCE


Her Majesty’s Gaol and Labour Prison Alice Springs opened in 1938 and oper­at­ed until 1996. Addi­tion­al cells and facil­i­ties were added over the years, espe­cial­ly in the late 1960’s and 1970’s as the pop­u­la­tion grew.


It was gen­der seg­re­gat­ed until the mid-1980’s before becom­ing male only due to over­crowd­ing. Female pris­on­ers were sent to Darwin.


In 1996, the pris­on­ers were moved to the new gaol south of Alice Springs.


After lengthy nego­ti­a­tions, the site was offered in 2006 to the Nation­al Pio­neer Women’s Hall of Fame for dual-use; a women’s muse­um in the for­mer kitchen and wom­en’s cell block areas and the preser­va­tion of sto­ries and build­ings of H.M. Prison and Labour Camp, Alice Springs.


The Gaol holds an impor­tant place in our local and nation­al his­to­ry and con­tin­ues to have rel­e­vance to con­tem­po­rary issues through sen­si­tive storytelling.

Timeline

Alice Springs expe­ri­enced a rapid increase in the non-Indige­nous pop­u­la­tion of due to the rail­way line which was com­plet­ed in 1929 and a new Gaol was pro­posed to replace the small stone Stu­art Town gaol in Par­son­’s Street. The pop­u­la­tion of Alice Springs was 526.

Con­struc­tion com­menced on the new prison on 24 September.

Con­struc­tion was com­plet­ed on 31 Octo­ber at a cost of $13,950. Pris­on­ers were trans­ferred from the Old Stu­art Town Gaol in Par­sons St. The new prison was planned to be seg­re­gat­ed Aboriginal/​European and male/​female but we under­stand that in prac­tice the women were nev­er seg­re­gat­ed on the base of race.

World War II

World War II. One sec­tion of the gaol was set aside for alien (Ger­man and Ital­ian) pris­on­ers for a few months. They were then trans­ferred to a pris­on­er of war camp in Vic­to­ria. By 1944 the town’s non-Indige­nous pop­u­la­tion was 597, with a fur­ther 7,395 Armed Forces. Three Japan­ese pris­on­ers of war were also held there.

Tel­ka Williams start­ed work in the female sec­tion, of the prison work­ing with Mrs Sey­mour and Mrs Mul­doon who were Super­in­ten­den­t’s wives.

1960 Sew­er­age sys­tem installed. Pri­or to this, pris­on­ers had to make do with buckets.

Abo­rig­ines giv­en full cit­i­zen­ship in the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry and the prison was offi­cial­ly racial­ly desegregated.

Pop­u­la­tion of Alice Springs was 6,390, with Abo­rig­ines count­ed as part of the pop­u­la­tion for the first time.

As a result of a Com­mon­wealth ref­er­en­dum, Abo­rig­i­nal peo­ple through­out Aus­tralia were grant­ed full citizenship.

Female prison offi­cers became the first pub­lic ser­vants in the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry to get equal pay with their male counterparts.

Tel­ka Williams retired. Female pris­on­ers with sen­tences longer than a week were trans­ferred to Dar­win. The Gaol lat­er became an all-male prison.

On the 50th anniver­sary of the open­ing of the Gaol, the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry Gov­ern­ment announced plans to build a new Alice Springs prison.

The Stu­art Town Gaol was added to the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry Her­itage Register.

The Gaol was closed and the pris­on­ers moved to the new prison about 20 km south of the town. By this time the town’s pop­u­la­tion had increased to 27,000.

Word was spread­ing that the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry Gov­ern­ment of the day intend­ed to clear the Gaol site and sell the land and that the bull­doz­ers were about to move in. A ​“Her­itage Tent Embassy” was set up in the Gaol grounds and a peti­tion of more than 200 sig­na­tures was gath­ered. In Novem­ber 1997 the Nation­al Trust was forced to go to court to get an injunc­tion to pre­vent the Gov­ern­ment from car­ry­ing out any works on the Gaol.

The North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry Gov­ern­ment demol­ished all the non-her­itage list­ed build­ings on the site. After lengthy nego­ti­a­tions, the site was offered to the Nation­al Pio­neer Women’s Hall of Fame for dual-use; a women’s muse­um and the preser­va­tion of the sto­ries and build­ings of the Alice Springs Gaol and Labour Prison. The Super­in­ten­den­t’s res­i­dence, adja­cent to the front car park was sold to pri­vate owners.

Restora­tion work com­menced on the complex.

Nation­al Pio­neer Women’s Hall of Fame at the Old Alice Springs Gaol was offi­cial­ly opened on March 8, coin­cid­ing with Inter­na­tion­al Wom­en’s Day.

8 March the audio­vi­su­al exhi­bi­tion look­ing at life in the female cell block through the eyes of Tel­ka Williams (Matron 1956 – 1984) and Janie Whis­tle (who spent time here) was launched.

Nation­al Pio­neer Wom­en’s Hall of Fame com­mis­sioned local design­er Elli­at Rich to cre­ate a con­cep­tu­al frame­work for the over­all inter­pre­ta­tion of the Old Alice Springs Gaol. The aim of this con­cep­tu­al frame­work, Fram­ing Site, Reveal­ing Sto­ries is to ​‘aid the cura­to­r­i­al direc­tion and devel­op­ment of inte­grat­ed col­lat­er­al to tell the sto­ries and reveal the his­toric and con­tem­po­rary rel­e­vance of the Old Alice Springs Gaol site’.

Twen­ti­eth anniver­sary of the Gaol being decom­mis­sioned. Nation­al Pio­neer Wom­en’s Hall of Fame received grant monies from the North­ern Ter­ri­to­ry Gov­ern­ment to work on an exten­sive exhi­bi­tion draw­ing on the theme of ​“Rela­tion­ships”.

Rela­tion­ships exhi­bi­tion launched in men’s and wom­en’s cell blocks.

The Nation­al Pio­neer Wom­en’s Hall of Fame changed its name to the Wom­en’s Muse­um of Australia.

Rebrand­ing of the site com­menced includ­ing the refur­bish­ment of the car park, new inter­pre­tive sig­nage and new plans for future exhi­bi­tions and pub­lic programs.